After the Civil War, states used the exception to pass Black Codes and subsequently, criminalize, roundup, incarcerate, and re-enslave newly freed Black people

 

FROM THEN TIL NOW.

The exception was negotiated by slave states to ensure they had continued access to free or grossly cheap labor. After the Civil War, states used the exception to pass Black Codes and subsequently, criminalize, roundup, incarcerate, and re-enslave newly freed Black people. Here’s how it all morphed over time.

BLACK CODES
(1865 - 1866)

States passed laws that criminalized Black people to incarcerate recently freed people

CONVICT LEASING
(1840 - 1920s)

States leased incarcerated people to private individuals and corporations

CHAIN GANGS
(1800s - Today)

States exploited incarcerated people for public infrastructure and other projects

MASS INCARCERATION
(1970s - Today)

States continue the mass caging and control of Black, brown, and low-income people

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