The free and shared goods economy is creating community
resilience and alternatives to trash culture for millions of
people.
By April M. Short
Humans have a
serious stuff problem. We keep making and buying new things when most of the
time we could find those things in great condition, secondhand. Instead, we’re
making trash at such a rate that an unfathomable 40 percent of the ocean’s surface is now
covered in trash islands, and there is literally more than a ton of trash for each one of the 8 billion people on this planet (9 billion
tons, and growing).
If these heaps of waste (the lion’s share of which is
produced by corporations rather than individual households) aren’t mortifying
enough to drive people toward the free economy of reuse, maybe the lack of a
price tag is—especially given the staggering wealth gap and cost-of-living crisis in the United States.
Whatever people’s reasons might be for participating, the free, moneyless
economy is flourishing in America.
Roughly 250 million people were still visiting
Craigslist worldwide each month in 2022, 27 years after the site was launched in
1995—and many of those Craigslist users are posting and sharing goods under the
site’s popular “free stuff” section. About eight years after Craigslist was
launched, Freecycle Network came online in 2003. More than 9 million Americans
were still using Freecycle as of 2020, which I detailed in an article that year. And then there’s the
relatively young Buy Nothing Project, which turned 10 years old
in July of 2023. In addition to providing a digital space where people can
request things they need, post things they’re giving away, and share gratitude,
one of the B corp’s social benefit model goals is to
encourage people to organize community and local events around buying
nothing.
Buy Nothing
Walking on the beach with their
children in Washington where they both live, Buy Nothing’s co-founders Liesl
Clark and Rebecca Rockefeller became alarmed at the amount of trash—and in
particular microplastics—they were seeing along the shoreline. Clark says the
two of them started the Buy Nothing project in 2013 first as a “social
experiment” to try to slow the cycle of waste in their own
community.
“What we found with that first experiment in our own
hometown—which we’ve since seen replicated over and over and over thousands of
times—is that when you start sharing with your neighbors, whether you’re
borrowing or lending or whatever, you’re actually also launching a traditional
gift economy where you can ask for whatever you need or give away anything that
is legal to give away,” Clark says. “What happens is that people start to get to
know their proximal neighbors. First of all, it’s convenient to pick something
up from someone who lives really close by versus going to a store to buy
something.”
In the localized gift economy that can start to form, people
begin to source materials within what is called a circular economy.
“You
keep those items circling throughout the community, which means that you are
connecting with each other,” she says. “The stuff is right there, but in order
to get the stuff and to perpetuate this culture of reuse, you’re actually also
getting to know your neighbors.”
Clark says the project was the
co-founders’ way of taking action toward a solution to stave off waste.
“There’s: ‘reduce, reuse, recycle,’ and with this we were thinking, how
about just ‘refuse,’” she says. “Before you go out and buy that thing,
especially that plastic thing, consider asking your neighbor for
it.”
Clark points out that rather than each household needing to own its
own individual garden tools, camping gear, lawn mower, baking supplies, and so
on, neighbors within a community could be sharing these items. Chances are that
the tools or other resources we need to perform any given task are available
right down the street.
“Someone might have some cake pans that they can
loan out to you for that baking project,” she says. “We don’t have to outfit all
of our homes with exactly the same stuff. We can actually connect with each
other and borrow those things. I have someone coming over to borrow some camping
gear soon, for example.”
Over the years, Buy Nothing has been gaining
popularity—not through any marketing on the part of the organization but through
word-of-mouth and organic growth, Clark shares—with about 7.5 million people
around the world participating in their local Buy Nothing Facebook group; as of 2023, there
were 7,500 of these social media-centered community branches, and counting. The
Buy Nothing app, which has only been around for about two years, is also zeroing
in on 1 million users, and Clark says it is getting about 1,500 new users a day
through just organic growth, without any marketing.
During the early
years of the COVID-19 pandemic, Clark shares, Buy Nothing’s community groups
just about tripled—likely due to the economic effects of the pandemic as well as
the level of isolation people experienced through lockdown and distancing
practices.
“We found in the pandemic that Buy Nothing could really strike
a chord with people who were even more isolated [than many already are in our
society],” Clark says. “So sharing with neighbors was a way to bring us out of
our isolation, without having to have physical contact with them. You could go
to someone’s front door without actually having to connect in person, and people
were connecting online.”
Buy Nothing’s model varies from that of
Craigslist’s “free stuff” and Freecycle in that it is focused on community
groups, gatherings, and events organized by and for local communities around the
world. The idea is that a global reuse economy will emerge community by
community.
The reason Buy Nothing exists, according to its website, is “to build resilient communities
where our true wealth is the connections forged between neighbors.”
“It’s
nothing new,” Clark says. “It’s what families, I think, did a long time ago when
consumerism wasn’t what it is, and when you couldn’t just get something the next
day through Amazon. And we feel that there’s a real revival of that coming back,
especially among Gen Zers who have no problem with reuse—they often prefer
secondhand to buying new. That mentality is sort of becoming revitalized through
these gift economies—and then you’re also getting to know who actually lives
near you. Otherwise, I think, consumerism often begets isolation.”
Clark
notes that many people, in communities everywhere, already participate in Buy
Nothing-style gift economies without the digital media aspect, which is
something she and Rockefeller discuss in their book, The Buy Nothing, Get Everything Plan: Discover
the Joy of Spending Less, Sharing More, and Living
Generously.
“We are really trying to promote people to meet more
face to face, person to person, and doing community meetups, and just generally
incorporating that giving, asking, gratitude into everyday life,” Clark says.
“So for example, if you’ve got excess produce, just keep it in the back of your
car. You might run into some neighbors and be able to gift it.”
Clark
shared that one part of the inspiration for starting Buy Nothing came from
visiting Nepal, where she and her family witnessed the kind of community
resilience that emerges in villages that have no nearby stores.
“In those
villages, what you have in your community is literally what you have for your
survival, unless you’re going to take a walk for four or five days to the
nearest place of commerce—and even that isn’t going to get you much,” she says.
“Whatever is brought into the community is used and reused, shared and repaired,
fixed and upcycled so that it benefits everyone, in a sense.”
For its
first 10 years, Buy Nothing was funded solely through donations from friends,
family, and supporters with Clark working on the project full time, Rockefeller
part time, and others helping out on a volunteer basis.
The funding has
gone into the upkeep of the website and the creation of the app tools. In July
2023, Buy Nothing launched a “2.0” version of the project, created with the help
of volunteer developers, which includes an option for members to subscribe and
become a “sustaining member” of Buy Nothing and access extra features in return.
Among the new subscription-only features is the option to save multiple
locations within the app, so if someone wants to use the app while traveling, or
at work, as well as in their home community, that process is more
streamlined.
“Until just a handful of days ago [before July 2023], we had
been funded by friends and family, and we launched a supporter strand where the
Buy Nothing community could also kick in to support, because as we grow, whether
it’s on Facebook or on our own platform, our costs go up,” Clark says, noting
that at first she and Rockefeller were covering those costs out-of-pocket. Even
with community support donations, running the project ad-free while bearing the
overhead expenses was becoming untenable, hence the new launch of the 2.0 app.
Within days of the 2.0 launch, Clark shared that subscriptions were already
flowing in.
“Resoundingly, people are indicating, ‘yes, if you build it,
we’ll support this,’ because I think people recognize that this is labor they
want to help pay for,” Clark says. “Everybody [on the Buy Nothing team is] still
a volunteer, but this is helping us cover the costs of running an independent
platform with no advertising, and where we don’t ever sell people’s private
data… we’re super excited because this looks like a really viable business
model… and now we’re just going to start rolling out more and more features for
both the free app and for the subscription model.”
She says over the last
decade many serendipitous and unexpected things have come out of Buy Nothing
communities—including some “crazy things you wouldn’t imagine could have
happened.” For instance, there was a woman who lost her wedding ring in her
garden, and then one day almost a decade later decided to reach out to her
neighbors through Buy Nothing and ask around to borrow a metal
detector.
“She shared something like, ‘I have a general sense of where I
may have lost my diamond ring, but I’ve never been able to find it,’” Clark
says.
A neighbor did have a metal detector, and the ring was recovered,
buried almost a foot down under the dirt in the woman’s garden.
“These
gift economies are open and transparent in that everyone gets to look in on
what’s happening,” Clark says. “It’s sort of voyeuristic in that you don’t even
have to participate in the sense of giving, asking, and sharing your gratitude.
You can just look on and observe, and I promise you’re going to feel really
great when you see the connections being made, and problems being solved, and
people’s needs and wants being met.”
Just as there’s no obligation to
participate, there’s no obligation to reciprocate or feel guilty about asking
for or taking what you need in the group. One of the stated guidelines of Buy
Nothing and its community groups is to “give freely,” “without any expectation of
reward or another gift in return.”
April M. Short is an
editor, journalist, and documentary editor and producer. She is a co-founder of
the Observatory, where she is the Local Peace Economy editor, and she is a
writing fellow at the Independent Media Institute. Previously, she
was a managing editor at AlterNet as well as an award-winning senior staff
writer for Good Times, a weekly newspaper in Santa Cruz,
California. Her work has been published with the San Francisco Chronicle, In
These Times, LA Yoga, Pressenza, the Conversation, Salon, and many other
publications.
For media outlets interested in publishing IMI
articles like these, please send us an email: info@ind.media.
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